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pollice verso
' or ' is a Latin phrase, meaning "with a turned thumb", that is used in the context of gladiatorial combat. It refers to the hand gesture or thumbs signal used by Ancient Roman crowds to pass judgment on a defeated gladiator.
However, the precise type of gesture described by the phrase ''pollice verso'' and its meaning are the subject of much scholarly debate.
==Ancient Rome==
The type of gesture described by the phrase ' is unclear. From historical, archaeological and literary records it is uncertain whether the thumb was turned up, turned down, held horizontally, or concealed inside the hand to indicate positive or negative opinions.〔(James Grout: ''The Gladiator and the Thumb'', part of the Encyclopædia Romana )〕〔( Desmond Morris, Peter Collett, Peter Marsh and Marie O'Shaughnessy, 1979 Webified by Bernd Wechner: ''Gestures: Their Origin and Meanings, The Thumb Up'' )〕〔http://www.news.ku.edu/1997/97N/SepNews/Sept29/thumbs.html〕
Juvenal in the ''Satires'' writes:
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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